Building Information Modeling (BIM) is not just about creating a 3D model; it’s a comprehensive process that organizes information, improves decision-making, and enhances collaboration throughout the project lifecycle. In BIM-based projects, work phases are clearly defined so that all stakeholders can follow a structured roadmap from beginning to end.
1. Planning Phase
In this phase:
Project requirements are identified.
BIM requirements (such as model usage goals, level of detail, standards, and protocols) are defined.
A BIM Execution Plan (BEP) is prepared.
Goal of this phase: Clearly define how BIM will be implemented and used throughout the project.
2. Design Phase
This phase includes three sub-stages:
Conceptual Design: Initial ideas and massing models are developed.
Schematic Design: Spatial relationships, major systems, and preliminary layouts are modeled.
Detailed Design: High-precision modeling is performed, and architectural, structural, and MEP details are added.
During this phase, the Level of Development (LOD) of the model progressively increases.
3. Pre-Construction Phase
In this phase:
Coordinated models are created between different teams.
Potential clashes are detected and resolved (Clash Detection).
Construction planning, scheduling (4D BIM), and cost estimation (5D BIM) are performed.
4. Construction Phase
The BIM model becomes the primary reference on the construction site:
Construction management activities are based on the BIM model.
Project changes are updated directly within the model.
Project progress is tracked and documented using the model.
5. Handover and Operation Phase
After construction is complete:
The As-Built model, reflecting the actual built condition, is delivered.
Asset information is provided to the owner for maintenance and facility management purposes (6D BIM).
At this stage, the BIM model becomes a powerful tool for efficient facility management.
Conclusion
BIM-based project management, with its structured and phased approach, significantly improves quality, reduces errors, and enhances collaboration among teams. Each phase plays a crucial role in the project’s successful completion—from defining needs during planning, developing accurate models during design, coordinating and preparing in pre-construction, ensuring seamless execution during construction, and ultimately enabling smart facility management during handover.Effectively utilizing these work phases ensures the success of construction projects in today’s dynamic industry.